Saving & Investing

Compound Interest Calculator

Compound interest is often called the most powerful force in personal finance, because interest earns interest on itself over time. Enter a starting amount, rate, and how often it compounds to see the snowball effect for yourself.

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Starting Principal
Interest Earned

How It Works

The compound interest formula is:

A = P × (1 + r/n)^(n×t)

Where P is your principal, r is the annual rate as a decimal, n is how many times per year interest compounds, and t is time in years. The more frequently interest compounds, the faster your balance grows — daily compounding will always edge out annual compounding at the same stated rate, though the difference shrinks the shorter the time period.

Worked Example

$5,000 invested at 7% annual interest, compounded monthly, grows to roughly $10,048 after 10 years — the original $5,000 plus about $5,048 in interest, meaning the balance slightly more than doubles. Leave it another 10 years at the same rate and it grows to around $20,210, because by then the interest itself has become a large enough base to generate substantial interest of its own. This is the "snowball" people mean when they talk about compounding: the growth in the second decade dwarfs the growth in the first, even though the rate never changed.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does compounding frequency really make a big difference?
It matters, but usually less than people expect — the gap between monthly and daily compounding at the same rate is typically small. Time and the interest rate itself do far more heavy lifting than compounding frequency.
What's a realistic interest rate to use for long-term projections?
That depends entirely on where your money is held — a savings account, a bond, or a diversified stock portfolio all carry very different long-run averages and risk levels. Use a conservative, well-researched estimate for the account type you're actually projecting, and treat any single number as a rough guide, not a promise.
What's the difference between this and the Investment Return Calculator?
This tool models a single lump sum growing with no further deposits. The Investment Return Calculator adds regular monthly contributions on top of a starting balance, which is closer to how most people actually save.

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